GPStracker/optiboot/optiboot.c

#define FUNC_READ 1
#define FUNC_WRITE 1
/**********************************************************/
/* Optiboot bootloader for Arduino                        */
/*                                                        */
/* http://optiboot.googlecode.com                         */
/*                                                        */
/* Arduino-maintained version : See README.TXT            */
/* http://code.google.com/p/arduino/                      */
/*  It is the intent that changes not relevant to the     */
/*  Arduino production environment get moved from the     */
/*  optiboot project to the arduino project in "lumps."   */
/*                                                        */
/* Heavily optimised bootloader that is faster and        */
/* smaller than the Arduino standard bootloader           */
/*                                                        */
/* Enhancements:                                          */
/*   Fits in 512 bytes, saving 1.5K of code space         */
/*   Higher baud rate speeds up programming               */
/*   Written almost entirely in C                         */
/*   Customisable timeout with accurate timeconstant      */
/*   Optional virtual UART. No hardware UART required.    */
/*   Optional virtual boot partition for devices without. */
/*                                                        */
/* What you lose:                                         */
/*   Implements a skeleton STK500 protocol which is       */
/*     missing several features including EEPROM          */
/*     programming and non-page-aligned writes            */
/*   High baud rate breaks compatibility with standard    */
/*     Arduino flash settings                             */
/*                                                        */
/* Supported Devices:                                     */
/*   With the merges of Spence Konde's ATTinyCore         */
/*     https://github.com/SpenceKonde/ATTinyCore          */
/*   and MCUDude's MightyCore, MiniCore, MegaCore, etc    */
/*     https://github.com/MCUdude                         */
/*   the number of supported chips and configurations     */
/*   has become quite large.  Try "make help" for a list  */
/*   Not all chips have received the same amount of       */
/*   overall attention.  Some version may have bugs.      */
/*                                                        */
/* Does not support:                                      */
/*   USB based devices (eg. Teensy, Leonardo)             */
/*                                                        */
/* Assumptions:                                           */
/*   The code makes several assumptions that reduce the   */
/*   code size. They are all true after a hardware reset, */
/*   but may not be true if the bootloader is called by   */
/*   other means or on other hardware.                    */
/*     No interrupts can occur                            */
/*     UART and Timer 1 are set to their reset state      */
/*     SP points to RAMEND                                */
/*                                                        */
/* Code builds on code, libraries and optimisations from: */
/*   stk500boot.c          by Jason P. Kyle               */
/*   Arduino bootloader    http://arduino.cc              */
/*   Spiff's 1K bootloader http://spiffie.org/know/arduino_1k_bootloader/bootloader.shtml */
/*   avr-libc project      http://nongnu.org/avr-libc     */
/*   Adaboot               http://www.ladyada.net/library/arduino/bootloader.html */
/*   AVR305                Atmel Application Note         */
/*                                                        */

/* Copyright 2013-2021 by Bill Westfield.                 */
/* Copyright 2010 by Peter Knight.                        */
/*  Note that many others have made major contributions!  */
/*                                                        */
/* This program is free software; you can redistribute it */
/* and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General    */
/* Public License as published by the Free Software       */
/* Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or        */
/* (at your option) any later version.                    */
/*                                                        */
/* This program is distributed in the hope that it will   */
/* be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the  */
/* implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A   */
/* PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public        */
/* License for more details.                              */
/*                                                        */
/* You should have received a copy of the GNU General     */
/* Public License along with this program; if not, write  */
/* to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,                 */
/* 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA */
/*                                                        */
/* Licence can be viewed at                               */
/* http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.txt   */
/*                                                        */
/**********************************************************/


/**********************************************************/
/*                                                        */
/* Optional defines:                                      */
/*                                                        */
/**********************************************************/
/*                                                        */
/* BIGBOOT:                                               */
/* Build a 1k bootloader, not 512 bytes. This turns on    */
/* extra functionality; notably EEPROM                    */
/*                                                        */
/* NO_APP_SPM:                                            */
/* omit the code that allows applications to "call" the   */
/* bootloader to perform SPM operations.                  */
/*                                                        */
/* SUPPORT_EEPROM:                                        */
/* Support reading and writing from EEPROM. This is not   */
/* used by Arduino, so off by default.                    */
/*                                                        */
/* WDTTIME:                                               */
/* Bootloader timeout period, in seconds.                 */
/*  1 and 2 seconds are available on all chips            */
/*  4 and 8 are supported on most                         */
/*                                                        */
/* NO_START_APP_ON_POR:                                   */
/* If NO_START_APP_ON_POR is set, the bootloader will     */
/* also run on power-on                                   */
/*                                                        */
/* START_APP_ON_EXTR:                                     */
/* If START_APP_ON_EXTR is set, the bootloader will not   */
/* run in the event of an external reset.                 */
/*                                                        */
/* If both are set, the bootloader will only run if the   */
/* app jumps directly to it.                              */
/*                                                        */
/* ----------  Comm features                              */
/* UART:                                                  */
/* UART number (0..n) for devices with more than          */
/* one hardware uart (644P, 1284P, etc)                   */
/*                                                        */
/* BAUD_RATE:                                             */
/* Set bootloader baud rate.                              */
/*                                                        */
/* SINGLESPEED:                                           */
/* do not use "U2X" mode for UART initialization. This    */
/* can be useful for some bit rates.                      */
/*                                                        */
/* SOFT_UART:                                             */
/* Use AVR305 soft-UART instead of hardware UART.         */
/*                                                        */
/* RS485:                                                 */
/* Either a pin (ex: "B5") or a pin followed by _INV      */
/* (ex: "B5_INV") which indicates inverted polarity.      */
/* This pin will be held low while transmitting in order  */
/* to control the direction pin of an RS485 tranciever    */
/*  (RS485 support by Vladimir Dronnikov (github.com/dvv) */
/*    as used in github.com/SodaqMoja/optiboot )          */
/*                                                        */
/* ----------  LED behavior                               */
/* LED:                                                   */
/* Which pin to use for the LED flashs.  This is a pin    */
/* name like "B5"                                         */
/*                                                        */
/* LED_START_FLASHES:                                     */
/* Number of LED flashes on bootup.                       */
/*                                                        */
/* LED_DATA_FLASH:                                        */
/* Flash LED when transferring data. For boards without   */
/* TX or RX LEDs, or for people who like blinky lights.   */
/*                                                        */
/* LED_START_ON:                                          */
/* Instead of blinking, turn the LED on when we start,    */
/* and off when it exits.  Slightly smaller code.         */
/*                                                        */
/**********************************************************/

/*
 * default values.
 */
#if !defined(BIGBOOT)
#  define BIGBOOT 0
#endif
#if !defined(SUPPORT_EEPROM)
#  define SUPPORT_EEPROM 0
#endif
#if !defined(APP_NOSPM)
#  define APP_NOSPM 0
#endif
#if !defined(START_APP_ON_EXTR)
#  define START_APP_ON_EXTR 0
#endif
#if !defined(NO_START_APP_ON_POR)
#  define NO_START_APP_ON_POR 0
#endif


/* UART options */
#if !defined(SOFT_UART)
#  define SOFT_UART 0
#endif
#if !defined(UART)
#define UART 0
#endif
#if !defined(SINGLESPEED)
#define SINGLESPEED 0
#endif

/* LED Options */
#if !defined(LED_START_FLASHES)
#define LED_START_FLASHES 0
#endif
#if !defined(LED_DATA_FLASH)
#  define LED_DATA_FLASH 0
#endif
#if !defined(LED_START_ON)
#  define LED_START_ON 0
#endif


/**********************************************************/
/* Version Numbers!                                       */
/*                                                        */
/* Arduino Optiboot now includes this Version number in   */
/* the source and object code.                            */
/*                                                        */
/* Version 3 was released as zip from the optiboot        */
/*  repository and was distributed with Arduino 0022.     */
/* Version 4 starts with the arduino repository commit    */
/*  that brought the arduino repository up-to-date with   */
/*  the optiboot source tree changes since v3.            */
/* Version 5 was created at the time of the new Makefile  */
/*  structure (Mar, 2013), even though no binaries changed*/
/* Version 6 added EEPROM support, including causing an   */
/*  error when trying to write eeprom with versions that  */
/*  didn't have the code there. Makefiles were further    */
/*  restructured.  Overlapping SPM/download removed.      */
/* Version 7 straightened out the MCUSR and RESET         */
/*  handling, did MORE Makefile mods.  EEPROM support now */
/*  fits in 512 bytes, if you turn off LED Blinking.      */
/*  Various bigboot and virboot targets were fixed.       */
/* Version 8.0 adds the do_spm code callable from Apps.   */
/*                                                        */
/* It would be good if versions implemented outside the   */
/*  official repository used an out-of-seqeunce version   */
/*  number (like 104.6 if based on based on 4.5) to       */
/*  prevent collisions.  The CUSTOM_VERSION=n option      */
/*  adds n to the high version to facilitate this.        */
/*                                                        */
/**********************************************************/

/**********************************************************/
/* Edit History:                                          */
/*                                                        */
/* Oct 2021                                               */
/* 8.3 WestfW add section-start determination code to     */
/*     the C source.  In theory, this causes no changes   */
/*     to the binary, but it's "risky", so ... bump.      */
/* Aug 2019                                               */
/* 8.1  WestfW Fix bug in calculation of Vboot offset     */
/* Sep 2018                                               */
/* 8.0  WestfW (and Majekw and MCUDude)                   */
/*      Include do_spm routine callable from the app      */
/*      at BOOTSTART+2, controllable with compile option  */
/* July 2018                                              */
/* 7.0  WestfW (with much input from Others)              */
/*      Fix MCUSR treatement as per much discussion,      */
/*       Patches by MarkG55, majekw.  Preserve value      */
/*       for the application, as much as possible.        */
/*       see https://github.com/Optiboot/optiboot/issues/97 */
/*      Optimize a bit by implementing a union for the    */
/*       various 16bit address values used (based on      */
/*       observation by "aweatherguy", but different.)    */
/*      Slightly optimize math in VIRTUAL_BOOT code       */
/*      Add some virboot targets, fix some fuses.         */
/*      Implement LED_START_ON; less code than flashes    */
/* Aug 2014                                               */
/* 6.2 WestfW: make size of length variables dependent    */
/*              on the SPM_PAGESIZE.  This saves space    */
/*              on the chips where it's most important.   */
/* 6.1 WestfW: Fix OPTIBOOT_CUSTOMVER (send it!)          */
/*             Make no-wait mod less picky about          */
/*               skipping the bootloader.                 */
/*             Remove some dead code                      */
/* Jun 2014                                               */
/* 6.0 WestfW: Modularize memory read/write functions     */
/*             Remove serial/flash overlap                */
/*              (and all references to NRWWSTART/etc)     */
/*             Correctly handle pagesize > 255bytes       */
/*             Add EEPROM support in BIGBOOT (1284)       */
/*             EEPROM write on small chips now causes err */
/*             Split Makefile into smaller pieces         */
/*             Add Wicked devices Wildfire                */
/*             Move UART=n conditionals into pin_defs.h   */
/*             Remove LUDICOUS_SPEED option               */
/*             Replace inline assembler for .version      */
/*              and add OPTIBOOT_CUSTOMVER for user code  */
/*             Fix LED value for Bobuino (Makefile)       */
/*             Make all functions explicitly inline or    */
/*              noinline, so we fit when using gcc4.8     */
/*             Change optimization options for gcc4.8     */
/*             Make ENV=arduino work in 1.5.x trees.      */
/* May 2014                                               */
/* 5.0 WestfW: Add support for 1Mbps UART                 */
/* Mar 2013                                               */
/* 5.0 WestfW: Major Makefile restructuring.              */
/*             See Makefile and pin_defs.h                */
/*             (no binary changes)                        */
/*                                                        */
/* 4.6 WestfW/Pito: Add ATmega32 support                  */
/* 4.6 WestfW/radoni: Don't set LED_PIN as an output if   */
/*                    not used. (LED_START_FLASHES = 0)   */
/* Jan 2013                                               */
/* 4.6 WestfW/dkinzer: use autoincrement lpm for read     */
/* 4.6 WestfW/dkinzer: pass reset cause to app in R2      */
/* Mar 2012                                               */
/* 4.5 WestfW: add infrastructure for non-zero UARTS.     */
/* 4.5 WestfW: fix SIGNATURE_2 for m644 (bad in avr-libc) */
/* Jan 2012:                                              */
/* 4.5 WestfW: fix NRWW value for m1284.                  */
/* 4.4 WestfW: use attribute OS_main instead of naked for */
/*             main().  This allows optimizations that we */
/*             count on, which are prohibited in naked    */
/*             functions due to PR42240.  (keeps us less  */
/*             than 512 bytes when compiler is gcc4.5     */
/*             (code from 4.3.2 remains the same.)        */
/* 4.4 WestfW and Maniacbug:  Add m1284 support.  This    */
/*             does not change the 328 binary, so the     */
/*             version number didn't change either. (?)   */
/* June 2011:                                             */
/* 4.4 WestfW: remove automatic soft_uart detect (didn't  */
/*             know what it was doing or why.)  Added a   */
/*             check of the calculated BRG value instead. */
/*             Version stays 4.4; existing binaries are   */
/*             not changed.                               */
/* 4.4 WestfW: add initialization of address to keep      */
/*             the compiler happy.  Change SC'ed targets. */
/*             Return the SW version via READ PARAM       */
/* 4.3 WestfW: catch framing errors in getch(), so that   */
/*             AVRISP works without HW kludges.           */
/*  http://code.google.com/p/arduino/issues/detail?id=368n*/
/* 4.2 WestfW: reduce code size, fix timeouts, change     */
/*             verifySpace to use WDT instead of appstart */
/* 4.1 WestfW: put version number in binary.              */
/**********************************************************/

#define OPTIBOOT_MAJVER 8
#define OPTIBOOT_MINVER 3

/*
 * OPTIBOOT_CUSTOMVER should be defined (by the makefile) for custom edits
 * of optiboot.  That way you don't wind up with very different code that
 * matches the version number of a "released" optiboot.
 */

#if !defined(OPTIBOOT_CUSTOMVER)
#define OPTIBOOT_CUSTOMVER 0
#endif

unsigned const int __attribute__((section(".version")))
optiboot_version = 256*(OPTIBOOT_MAJVER + OPTIBOOT_CUSTOMVER) + OPTIBOOT_MINVER;


#define __AVR_LIBC_DEPRECATED_ENABLE__ 1  // don't poison MCUSR on some chips
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#include <avr/eeprom.h>

/*
 * optiboot uses several "address" variables that are sometimes byte pointers,
 * sometimes word pointers. sometimes 16bit quantities, and sometimes built
 * up from 8bit input characters.  avr-gcc is not great at optimizing the
 * assembly of larger words from bytes, but we can use the usual union to
 * do this manually.  Expanding it a little, we can also get rid of casts.
 */
typedef union {
  uint8_t  *bptr;
  uint16_t *wptr;
  uint16_t word;
  uint8_t bytes[2];
} addr16_t;

/*
 * Note that we use a replacement of "boot.h"
 * <avr/boot.h> uses sts instructions, but this version uses out instructions
 * This saves cycles and program memory, if possible.
 * boot_opt.h pulls in the standard boot.h for the odd target (?)
 */
#include "boot_opt.h"


// We don't use <avr/wdt.h> as those routines have interrupt overhead we don't need.

/*
 * pin_defs.h
 * This contains most of the rather ugly defines that implement our
 * ability to use UART=n and LED=D3, and some avr family bit name differences.
 */
#include "pin_defs.h"

/*
 * stk500.h contains the constant definitions for the stk500v1 comm protocol
 */
#include "stk500.h"

/* set the UART baud rate defaults */
#ifndef BAUD_RATE
#if F_CPU >= 8000000L
#define BAUD_RATE   115200L // Highest rate Avrdude win32 will support
#elif F_CPU >= 1000000L
#define BAUD_RATE   9600L   // 19200 also supported, but with significant error
#elif F_CPU >= 128000L
#define BAUD_RATE   4800L   // Good for 128kHz internal RC
#else
#define BAUD_RATE 1200L     // Good even at 32768Hz
#endif
#endif

#if (SOFT_UART == 0)
#if SINGLESPEED
/* Single speed option */
#define BAUD_SETTING (( (F_CPU + BAUD_RATE * 8L) / ((BAUD_RATE * 16L))) - 1 )
#define BAUD_ACTUAL (F_CPU/(16 * ((BAUD_SETTING)+1)))
#else
/* Normal U2X usage */
#define BAUD_SETTING (( (F_CPU + BAUD_RATE * 4L) / ((BAUD_RATE * 8L))) - 1 )
#define BAUD_ACTUAL (F_CPU/(8 * ((BAUD_SETTING)+1)))
#endif
#if BAUD_ACTUAL <= BAUD_RATE
#define BAUD_ERROR (( 100*(BAUD_RATE - BAUD_ACTUAL) ) / BAUD_RATE)
#if BAUD_ERROR >= 5
#error BAUD_RATE off by greater than -5%
#elif BAUD_ERROR >= 2  && !defined(PRODUCTION)
#warning BAUD_RATE off by greater than -2%
#endif
#else
#define BAUD_ERROR (( 100*(BAUD_ACTUAL - BAUD_RATE) ) / BAUD_RATE)
#if BAUD_ERROR >= 5
#error BAUD_RATE off by greater than 5%
#elif BAUD_ERROR >= 2  && !defined(PRODUCTION)
#warning BAUD_RATE off by greater than 2%
#endif
#endif

#if BAUD_SETTING > 250
#error Unachievable baud rate (too slow) BAUD_RATE
#endif // baud rate slow check
#if (BAUD_SETTING - 1) < 3
#if BAUD_ERROR != 0 // permit high bitrates (ie 1Mbps@16MHz) if error is zero
#error Unachievable baud rate (too fast) BAUD_RATE
#endif
#endif // baud rate fast check
#endif // SOFT_UART

/* Watchdog settings */
#define WATCHDOG_OFF    (0)
#define WATCHDOG_16MS   (_BV(WDE))
#define WATCHDOG_32MS   (_BV(WDP0) | _BV(WDE))
#define WATCHDOG_64MS   (_BV(WDP1) | _BV(WDE))
#define WATCHDOG_125MS  (_BV(WDP1) | _BV(WDP0) | _BV(WDE))
#define WATCHDOG_250MS  (_BV(WDP2) | _BV(WDE))
#define WATCHDOG_500MS  (_BV(WDP2) | _BV(WDP0) | _BV(WDE))
#define WATCHDOG_1S     (_BV(WDP2) | _BV(WDP1) | _BV(WDE))
#define WATCHDOG_2S     (_BV(WDP2) | _BV(WDP1) | _BV(WDP0) | _BV(WDE))
#ifdef  WDP3
#define WATCHDOG_4S     (_BV(WDP3) | _BV(WDE))
#define WATCHDOG_8S     (_BV(WDP3) | _BV(WDP0) | _BV(WDE))
#endif

  /*
   * Watchdog timeout translations from human readable to config vals
   */
#ifndef WDTTIME
# define WDTPERIOD WATCHDOG_1S  // 1 second default
#elif WDTTIME == 1
# define WDTPERIOD WATCHDOG_1S  // 1 second
#elif WDTTIME == 2
# define WDTPERIOD WATCHDOG_2S  // 2 seconds
#elif defined(WDP3) && (WDTTIME == 4)
# define WDTPERIOD WATCHDOG_4S  // 4 seconds
#elif defined(WDP3) && (WDTTIME == 8)
# define WDTPERIOD WATCHDOG_8S  // 8 seconds
#else
#error Invalid TIMEOUT
#endif

/*
 * We can never load flash with more than 1 page at a time, so we can save
 * some code space on parts with smaller pagesize by using a smaller int.
 */
#if SPM_PAGESIZE > 255
typedef uint16_t pagelen_t ;
#define GETLENGTH(len) len = getch()<<8; len |= getch()
#else
typedef uint8_t pagelen_t;
#define GETLENGTH(len) (void) getch() /* skip high byte */; len = getch()
#endif


/* Function Prototypes
 * The main() function is in init9, which removes the interrupt vector table
 * we don't need. It is also 'OS_main', which means the compiler does not
 * generate any entry or exit code itself (but unlike 'naked', it doesn't
 * suppress some compile-time options we want.)
 */

void pre_main(void) __attribute__ ((naked)) __attribute__ ((section (".init8")));
int main(void) __attribute__ ((OS_main)) __attribute__ ((section (".init9"))) __attribute__((used));

void __attribute__((noinline)) __attribute__((leaf)) putch(char);
uint8_t __attribute__((noinline)) __attribute__((leaf)) getch(void) ;
void __attribute__((noinline)) verifySpace();
void __attribute__((noinline)) watchdogConfig(uint8_t x);

static void getNch(uint8_t);
#if LED_START_FLASHES > 0
static inline void flash_led(uint8_t);
#endif
static inline void watchdogReset();
static inline void writebuffer(int8_t memtype, addr16_t mybuff,
                               addr16_t address, pagelen_t len);
static inline void read_mem(uint8_t memtype,
                            addr16_t, pagelen_t len);

#if SOFT_UART
void uartDelay() __attribute__ ((naked));
#endif

/*
 * RAMSTART should be self-explanatory.  It's bigger on parts with a
 * lot of peripheral registers.  Let 0x100 be the default
 * Note that RAMSTART (for optiboot) need not be exactly at the start of RAM.
 */
#if !defined(RAMSTART)  // newer versions of gcc avr-libc define RAMSTART
#define RAMSTART 0x100
#if defined (__AVR_ATmega644P__)
// correct for a bug in avr-libc
#undef SIGNATURE_2
#define SIGNATURE_2 0x0A
#elif defined(__AVR_ATmega1280__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega2560__)
#undef RAMSTART
#define RAMSTART (0x200)
#endif
#endif

/* C zero initialises all global variables. However, that requires */
/* These definitions are NOT zero initialised, but that doesn't matter */
/* This allows us to drop the zero init code, saving us memory */
static addr16_t buff = {(uint8_t *)(RAMSTART)};

/* Virtual boot partition support */
#ifdef VIRTUAL_BOOT_PARTITION

// RAM locations to save vector info (temporarilly)
#define rstVect0_sav (*(uint8_t*)(RAMSTART+SPM_PAGESIZE*2+4))
#define rstVect1_sav (*(uint8_t*)(RAMSTART+SPM_PAGESIZE*2+5))
#define saveVect0_sav (*(uint8_t*)(RAMSTART+SPM_PAGESIZE*2+6))
#define saveVect1_sav (*(uint8_t*)(RAMSTART+SPM_PAGESIZE*2+7))

#define RSTVEC_ADDRESS 0  // flash address where vectors start.
// Vector to save original reset jump:
//   SPM Ready is least probably used, so it's default
//   if not, use old way WDT_vect_num,
//   or simply set custom save_vect_num in Makefile using vector name
//   or even raw number.
#if !defined (save_vect_num)
#if defined (SPM_RDY_vect_num)
#define save_vect_num (SPM_RDY_vect_num)
#elif defined (SPM_READY_vect_num)
#define save_vect_num (SPM_READY_vect_num)
#elif defined (EE_RDY_vect_num)
#define save_vect_num (EE_RDY_vect_num)
#elif defined (EE_READY_vect_num)
#define save_vect_num (EE_READY_vect_num)
#elif defined (WDT_vect_num)
#define save_vect_num (WDT_vect_num)
#else
#error "Can't find SPM or WDT interrupt vector for this CPU"
#endif
#endif //save_vect_num

// check if it's on the same page (code assumes that)

#if FLASHEND > 8192
// AVRs with more than 8k of flash have 4-byte vectors, and use jmp.
//  We save only 16 bits of address, so devices with more than 128KB
//  may behave wrong for upper part of address space.
#define rstVect0 2
#define rstVect1 3
#define saveVect0 (save_vect_num*4+2)
#define saveVect1 (save_vect_num*4+3)
#define appstart_vec (save_vect_num*2)

// address of page that will have the saved vector
#define SAVVEC_ADDRESS (SPM_PAGESIZE*(save_vect_num/(SPM_PAGESIZE/4)))

#else

// AVRs with up to 8k of flash have 2-byte vectors, and use rjmp.
#define rstVect0 0
#define rstVect1 1
#define saveVect0 (save_vect_num*2)
#define saveVect1 (save_vect_num*2+1)
#define appstart_vec (save_vect_num)

// address of page that will have the saved vector
#define SAVVEC_ADDRESS (SPM_PAGESIZE*(save_vect_num/(SPM_PAGESIZE/2)))
#endif

#else

#define appstart_vec (0)

#endif // VIRTUAL_BOOT_PARTITION

void sectionOpts() __attribute__((naked));
void sectionOpts() {
/*
 * Mysterious Magic code to allow section-start addresses to be
 * specifed by the C code (which, after all, has access to CPP symbols
 * like FLASHEND, and can make a "safer" guess than putting manually
 * determined constants in the Makefile.  This is dependent on a custom
 * linker script that makes use of the __BOOT_ symbols that we define.
 * Fortunately, that script can be used to link optiboot on any of its
 * usual chips.
 *
 * with some judicious use of asm directives, we can define symbols
 * that the linker will look at for positioning our segments (in
 * combination with a custom linker script) based on the flash size
 * defined via io.h, instead of requiring magic --section-start
 * constants on the build line.
 *
 * This apparently needs to be inside a function in order to pass
 * arguments to the asm command (even though the asm doesn't
 * generate any code)  But we can make sure the function (which doesn't
 * actually contain any code) doesn't actually end up in the binary.
 */
#if BIGBOOT
  /*
   * BIGBOOT images are easy, because they're much smaller than the
   * flash size that they are defined to occupy (1k)
   */
  asm(" .global __BOOT_SIZE__, __BOOT_START__, __VERSION_START__\n"
      " .equ __BOOT_SIZE__, 1024\n"
      " .equ __BOOT_START__, (%0-1023)\n"
      " .equ __VERSION_START__, (%0-1)\n"
      ::"i"((uint32_t)FLASHEND));
#else
  /*
   * non-BIGBOOT images try to fit in 512bytes, but don't quite fit
   * on chips that don't have HW support for a boot section.  We try
   * to guess how big the extra bits of code are, and then round up
   * to the next larger flash page boundry (which can be nearly 4 pages
   * away on chips with FOURPAGEERASE)
   * These numbers are determined manually by building a reference
   * implementation with various options and comparing sizes.
   */
# if VIRTUAL_BOOT_PARTITION
/*  VIRTUAL_BOOT_PARTITION code is about 100 bytes */
#   define VBSIZE 110
# else
#   define VBSIZE 0
# endif
# if LED_START_FLASHES==0
/*  if LED_START_FLASHES is 0 (eg on 8pin chips), it saves some code */
#   define LEDSIZE (-30)
# else
#   define LEDSIZE 0
# endif
# if SOFT_UART
/*  But not having a hardware UART costs a bit */
#   define SOFTUSIZE 16
# else
#   define SOFTUSIZE 0
# endif

# if FOURPAGEERASE
/*  FOURPAGEERASE adds some code, and also affects how we round */
#   define ERASESIZE 8
#   define PAGSIZ_B (SPM_PAGESIZE*4)
# else
#   define PAGSIZ_B (SPM_PAGESIZE)
#   define ERASESIZE 0
# endif

/*
 * Round our guess up to next page size.  So 560 byte images occupy 576bytes,
 * 600 byte images occupy 640 bytes, etc.  Depending on chip.
 * Note that SPM_PAGESIZE is already in bytes in the .h files.
 */  
# define ROUNDTOPAGE(size) (((size + (PAGSIZ_B/2))/(PAGSIZ_B))*(PAGSIZ_B))
/* use 511 here so we don't round up to the next page on normal systems. */
# define BOOTSIZE (511+ERASESIZE+VBSIZE+SOFTUSIZE+LEDSIZE)
  asm(" .global __BOOT_SIZE__, __BOOT_START__, __VERSION_START__\n"
      " .equ __BOOT_SIZE__, %1\n"
      " .equ __BOOT_START__, ((%0+1)-%1)\n"
      " .equ __VERSION_START__, (%0-1)\n"
      ::"i"((uint32_t)FLASHEND), "i"(ROUNDTOPAGE(BOOTSIZE)));
#endif
/* Wasn't that FUN! */
}

/* everything that needs to run VERY early */
void pre_main(void) {
  // Allow convenient way of calling do_spm function - jump table, so
  //   entry to this function will always be here, independent of
  //   compilation, features etc
  asm volatile (
    "  rjmp    1f\n"
#if APP_NOSPM
    "  ret\n"   // if do_spm isn't include, return without doing anything
#else
    "  rjmp    do_spm\n"
#endif
    "1:\n"
    );
}


/* main program starts here */
int main(void) {
  uint8_t ch;

  /*
   * Making these local and in registers prevents the need for initializing
   * them, and also saves space because code no longer stores to memory.
   * (initializing address keeps the compiler happy, but isn't really
   *  necessary, and uses 4 bytes of flash.)
   */
  register addr16_t address;
  register pagelen_t  length;

  // After the zero init loop, this is the first code to run.
  //
  // This code makes the following assumptions:
  //  No interrupts will execute
  //  SP points to RAMEND
  //  r1 contains zero
  //
  // If not, uncomment the following instructions:
  // cli();
  asm volatile ("  clr __zero_reg__");

#if defined(__AVR_ATmega8__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega8515__) ||  \
  defined(__AVR_ATmega8535__) || defined (__AVR_ATmega16__) ||  \
  defined (__AVR_ATmega32__) || defined (__AVR_ATmega64__)  ||  \
  defined (__AVR_ATmega128__) || defined (__AVR_ATmega162__)
  SP=RAMEND;  // This is done by hardware reset on newer chips
#endif

#if defined(OSCCAL_VALUE)
  OSCCAL = OSCCAL_VALUE;
#endif

  /*
   * Protect as much from MCUSR as possible for application
   * and still skip bootloader if not necessary
   *
   * Code by MarkG55
   * see discussion in https://github.com/Optiboot/optiboot/issues/97
   */
#ifndef MCUSR  // Backward compatability with old AVRs
#define MCUSR MCUCSR
#endif
#if (START_APP_ON_EXTR == 0 && NO_START_APP_ON_POR == 0)
  /*
   * Normal behavior.  Start if EXTRF in on and WDRF is off
   */
#  define APP_START_REASONS ((ch & (_BV(WDRF) | _BV(EXTRF))) != _BV(EXTRF))
#  define WDRF_CLR_REASONS (ch & _BV(EXTRF))
#elif (START_APP_ON_EXTR && NO_START_APP_ON_POR)
  /*
   * If NO_START_APP_ON_POR is defined, run bootloader after POR.
   * This allows use with reset disabled: power on and immediately
   * program.
   */
#  define APP_START_REASONS ((ch & (_BV(PORF) | _BV(WDRF) | _BV(EXTRF))) != _BV(PORF))
#  define WDRF_CLR_REASONS ((ch & (_BV(PORF) | _BV(WDRF))) == (_BV(PORF) | _BV(WDRF)))
#elif ((START_APP_ON_EXTR == 0) && NO_START_APP_ON_POR)
  /*
   * If START_APP_ON_EXTR is defined, don't run bootloader after
   * an external reset - only useful in combination with above,
   * for some unusual use cases.
   */
#  define APP_START_REASONS (ch & _BV(WDRF))
#  define WDRF_CLR_REASONS (ch & (_BV(PORF) | _BV(EXTRF)))
#else
  /*
   * Only run bootloader via jmp to 0 with MCUSR==0.
   * Probably an error.
   */
#  warning "Bootloader can only start via app request because "
#  warning "START_APP_ON_EXTR is defined and NO_START_APP_ON_POR isn't"
#  define APP_START_REASONS 1 /* Always start rge App. */
#  define WDRF_CLR_REASONS 0  /* Never clear WDRF */
#endif

  ch = MCUSR;

  // Skip all logic and run bootloader if MCUSR is cleared (application request)
  if (ch != 0) {
    /*
     * To run the boot loader, External Reset Flag must be set.
     * If not, we could make shortcut and jump directly to application code.
     * Also WDRF set with EXTRF is a result of Optiboot timeout, so we
     * shouldn't run bootloader in loop :-) That's why:
     *  1. application is running if WDRF is cleared
     *  2. we clear WDRF if it's set with EXTRF to avoid loops
     * One problematic scenario: broken application code sets watchdog timer
     * without clearing MCUSR before and triggers it quickly. But it's
     * recoverable by power-on with pushed reset button.
     */

    if (APP_START_REASONS) {
      if (WDRF_CLR_REASONS) {
        /*
         * Clear WDRF if it was most probably set by wdr in bootloader.
         */
        if ((uint16_t)&MCUSR > 0x1F) {
          MCUSR = ~(_BV(WDRF));   // optimize to LDI/OUT
        } else {
          MCUSR &= ~(_BV(WDRF));  // or optimize to CBI if possible
        }
      }
      /*
       * save the reset flags in the designated register
       * This can be saved in a main program by putting code in .init0 (which
       * executes before normal c init code) to save R2 to a global variable.
       */
      __asm__ __volatile__ ("  mov r2, %0\n" :: "r" (ch));

      // switch off watchdog
      watchdogConfig(WATCHDOG_OFF);
      // Note that appstart_vec is defined so that this works with either
      // real or virtual boot partitions.
      __asm__ __volatile__ (
        // Jump to 'save' or RST vector
#ifdef VIRTUAL_BOOT_PARTITION
        // full code version for virtual boot partition
        "  ldi r30,%[rstvec]\n"
        "  clr r31\n"
        "  ijmp\n"::[rstvec] "M"(appstart_vec)
#else
#ifdef RAMPZ
        // use absolute jump for devices with lot of flash
        "  jmp 0\n"::
#else
        // use rjmp to go around end of flash to address 0
        // it uses fact that optiboot_version constant is 2 bytes before end of flash
        "  rjmp optiboot_version+2\n"
#endif //RAMPZ
#endif //VIRTUAL_BOOT_PARTITION
        );
    }
  } //end handling of MCUSR !=0

#if LED_START_FLASHES > 0
  // Set up Timer 1 for timeout counter
#if defined(__AVR_ATtiny261__)||defined(__AVR_ATtiny461__)||defined(__AVR_ATtiny861__)
  TCCR1B = 0x0E; //div 8196 - we could divide by less since it's a 10-bit counter, but why?
#elif defined(__AVR_ATtiny25__)||defined(__AVR_ATtiny45__)||defined(__AVR_ATtiny85__)
  TCCR1 = 0x0E; //div 8196 - it's an 8-bit timer.
#elif defined(__AVR_ATtiny43__)
#error "LED flash for Tiny43 not yet supported"
#else
  TCCR1B = _BV(CS12) | _BV(CS10); // div 1024
#endif
#endif


#if (SOFT_UART == 0)
#if defined(__AVR_ATmega8__) || defined (__AVR_ATmega8515__) || \
  defined (__AVR_ATmega8535__) || defined (__AVR_ATmega16__) || \
  defined (__AVR_ATmega32__)
#if (SINGLESPEED == 0)
  UCSRA = _BV(U2X); //Double speed mode USART
#endif //singlespeed
  UCSRB = _BV(RXEN) | _BV(TXEN);  // enable Rx & Tx
  UCSRC = _BV(URSEL) | _BV(UCSZ1) | _BV(UCSZ0);  // config USART; 8N1
  UBRRL = (uint8_t)BAUD_SETTING;
#else // mega8/etc
#ifdef LIN_UART
  //DDRB|=3;
  LINCR = (1 << LSWRES);
  //LINBRRL = (((F_CPU * 10L / 32L / BAUD_RATE) + 5L) / 10L) - 1;
  LINBRRL=(uint8_t)BAUD_SETTING;
  LINBTR = (1 << LDISR) | (8 << LBT0); 
  LINCR = _BV(LENA) | _BV(LCMD2) | _BV(LCMD1) | _BV(LCMD0);
  LINDAT=0;
#else
#if (SINGLESPEED == 0)
  UART_SRA = _BV(U2X0); //Double speed mode USART0
#endif
  UART_SRB = _BV(RXEN0) | _BV(TXEN0);
  UART_SRC = _BV(UCSZ00) | _BV(UCSZ01);
  UART_SRL = (uint8_t)BAUD_SETTING;
#endif // LIN_UART
#endif // mega8/etc
#endif // soft_uart

#ifdef RS485
  RS485_DDR |= _BV(RS485_BIT);
  #ifdef RS485_INVERT
  RS485_PORT |= _BV(RS485_BIT);
  #else
  RS485_PORT &= ~_BV(RS485_BIT);
  #endif
#endif

  // Set up watchdog to trigger after desired timeout
  watchdogConfig(WDTPERIOD);

#if (LED_START_FLASHES > 0) || LED_DATA_FLASH || LED_START_ON
  /* Set LED pin as output */
  LED_DDR |= _BV(LED);
#endif

  /* hold POWER_ON (GPStracker) */
  DDRA |= _BV(PA3);
  PORTA |= _BV(PA3);

#if SOFT_UART
  /* Set TX pin as HIGH output */
  UART_PORT |= _BV(UART_TX_BIT);
  UART_DDR |= _BV(UART_TX_BIT);
#endif

#if LED_START_FLASHES > 0
  /* Flash onboard LED to signal entering of bootloader */
  flash_led(LED_START_FLASHES * 2);
#else
#if LED_START_ON
  /* Turn on LED to indicate starting bootloader (less code!) */
  LED_PORT |= _BV(LED);
#endif
#endif

  /* Forever loop: exits by causing WDT reset */
  for (;;) {
    /* get character from UART */
    ch = getch();

    if (ch == STK_GET_PARAMETER) {
      unsigned char which = getch();
      verifySpace();
      /*
       * Send optiboot version as "SW version"
       * Note that the references to memory are optimized away.
       */
      if (which == STK_SW_MINOR) {
        putch(optiboot_version & 0xFF);
      } else if (which == STK_SW_MAJOR) {
        putch(optiboot_version >> 8);
      } else {
        /*
         * GET PARAMETER returns a generic 0x03 reply for
         * other parameters - enough to keep Avrdude happy
         */
        putch(0x03);
      }
    }
    else if (ch == STK_SET_DEVICE) {
      // SET DEVICE is ignored
      getNch(20);
    }
    else if (ch == STK_SET_DEVICE_EXT) {
      // SET DEVICE EXT is ignored
      getNch(5);
    }
    else if (ch == STK_LOAD_ADDRESS) {
      // LOAD ADDRESS
      address.bytes[0] = getch();
      address.bytes[1] = getch();
#ifdef RAMPZ
      // Transfer top bit to LSB in RAMPZ
      if (address.bytes[1] & 0x80) {
        RAMPZ |= 0x01;
      }
      else {
        RAMPZ &= 0xFE;
      }
#endif
      address.word *= 2; // Convert from word address to byte address
      verifySpace();
    }
    else if (ch == STK_UNIVERSAL) {
#ifdef RAMPZ
      // LOAD_EXTENDED_ADDRESS is needed in STK_UNIVERSAL for addressing more than 128kB
      if ( AVR_OP_LOAD_EXT_ADDR == getch() ) {
        // get address
        getch();  // get '0'
        RAMPZ = (RAMPZ & 0x01) | ((getch() << 1) & 0xff);  // get address and put it in RAMPZ
        getNch(1); // get last '0'
        // response
        putch(0x00);
      }
      else {
        // everything else is ignored
        getNch(3);
        putch(0x00);
      }
#else
      // UNIVERSAL command is ignored
      getNch(4);
      putch(0x00);
#endif
    }
    /* Write memory, length is big endian and is in bytes */
    else if (ch == STK_PROG_PAGE) {
      // PROGRAM PAGE - we support flash programming only, not EEPROM
      uint8_t desttype;
      uint8_t *bufPtr;
      pagelen_t savelength;

      GETLENGTH(length);
      savelength = length;
      desttype = getch();

      // read a page worth of contents
      bufPtr = buff.bptr;
      do *bufPtr++ = getch();
      while (--length);

      // Read command terminator, start reply
      verifySpace();

#ifdef VIRTUAL_BOOT_PARTITION
/*
 *              How the Virtual Boot Partition works:
 * At the beginning of a normal AVR program are a set of vectors that
 * implement the interrupt mechanism.  Each vector is usually a single
 * instruction that dispatches to the appropriate ISR.
 * The instruction is normally an rjmp (on AVRs with 8k or less of flash)
 * or jmp instruction, and the 0th vector is executed on reset and jumps
 * to the start of the user program:
 * vectors: jmp startup
 *          jmp ISR1
 *          jmp ISR2
 *             :      ;; etc
 *          jmp lastvector
 * To implement the "Virtual Boot Partition", Optiboot detects when the
 * flash page containing the vectors is being programmed, and replaces the
 * startup vector with a jump to te beginning of Optiboot.  Then it saves
 * the applications's startup vector in another (must be unused by the
 * application), and finally programs the page with the changed vectors.
 * Thereafter, on reset, the vector will dispatch to the beginning of
 * Optiboot.  When Optiboot decides that it will run the user application,
 * it fetches the saved start address from the unused vector, and jumps
 * there.
 * The logic is dependent on size of flash, and whether the reset vector is
 * on the same flash page as the saved start address.
 */

#if FLASHEND > 8192
/*
 * AVR with 4-byte ISR Vectors and "jmp"
 * WARNING: this works only up to 128KB flash!
 */
#if FLASHEND > (128*1024)
#error "Can't use VIRTUAL_BOOT_PARTITION with more than 128k of Flash"
#endif
      if (address.word == RSTVEC_ADDRESS) {
        // This is the reset vector page. We need to live-patch the
        // code so the bootloader runs first.
        //
        // Save jmp targets (for "Verify")
        rstVect0_sav = buff.bptr[rstVect0];
        rstVect1_sav = buff.bptr[rstVect1];

        // Add "jump to Optiboot" at RESET vector
        // WARNING: this works as long as 'main' is in first section
        buff.bptr[rstVect0] = ((uint16_t)pre_main) & 0xFF;
        buff.bptr[rstVect1] = ((uint16_t)pre_main) >> 8;

#if (SAVVEC_ADDRESS != RSTVEC_ADDRESS)
// the save_vector is not necessarilly on the same flash page as the reset
//  vector.  If it isn't, we've waiting to actually write it.
      } else if (address.word == SAVVEC_ADDRESS) {
        // Save old values for Verify
        saveVect0_sav = buff.bptr[saveVect0 - SAVVEC_ADDRESS];
        saveVect1_sav = buff.bptr[saveVect1 - SAVVEC_ADDRESS];

        // Move RESET jmp target to 'save' vector
        buff.bptr[saveVect0 - SAVVEC_ADDRESS] = rstVect0_sav;
        buff.bptr[saveVect1 - SAVVEC_ADDRESS] = rstVect1_sav;
      }
#else
      // Save old values for Verify
      saveVect0_sav = buff.bptr[saveVect0];
      saveVect1_sav = buff.bptr[saveVect1];

      // Move RESET jmp target to 'save' vector
      buff.bptr[saveVect0] = rstVect0_sav;
      buff.bptr[saveVect1] = rstVect1_sav;
    }
#endif

#else  // bigger flash
#ifdef KeepBracesMatched
    {
#endif
/*
 * AVR with 2-byte ISR Vectors and rjmp
 */
      if (address.word == rstVect0) {
        // This is the reset vector page. We need to live-patch
        // the code so the bootloader runs first.
        //
        // Move RESET vector to 'save' vector
        // Save jmp targets (for "Verify")
        rstVect0_sav = buff.bptr[rstVect0];
        rstVect1_sav = buff.bptr[rstVect1];
        addr16_t vect;
        vect.word = ((uint16_t)pre_main-1);
        // Instruction is a relative jump (rjmp), so recalculate.
        // an RJMP instruction is 0b1100xxxx xxxxxxxx, so we should be able to
        // do math on the offsets without masking it off first.
        // Note that rjmp is relative to the already incremented PC, so the
        //  offset is one less than you might expect.
        buff.bptr[0] = vect.bytes[0]; // rjmp to start of bootloader
        buff.bptr[1] = vect.bytes[1] | 0xC0;  // make an "rjmp"
#if (SAVVEC_ADDRESS != RSTVEC_ADDRESS)
      } else if (address.word == SAVVEC_ADDRESS) {
        addr16_t vect;
        vect.bytes[0] = rstVect0_sav;
        vect.bytes[1] = rstVect1_sav;
        // Save old values for Verify
        saveVect0_sav = buff.bptr[saveVect0 - SAVVEC_ADDRESS];
        saveVect1_sav = buff.bptr[saveVect1 - SAVVEC_ADDRESS];

        vect.word = (vect.word-save_vect_num); //substract 'save' interrupt position
        // Move RESET jmp target to 'save' vector
        buff.bptr[saveVect0 - SAVVEC_ADDRESS] = vect.bytes[0];
        buff.bptr[saveVect1 - SAVVEC_ADDRESS] = (vect.bytes[1] & 0x0F)| 0xC0;  // make an "rjmp"
      }
#else
#ifdef KeepBracesMatched
      {
#endif

        // Save old values for Verify
        saveVect0_sav = buff.bptr[saveVect0];
        saveVect1_sav = buff.bptr[saveVect1];

        vect.bytes[0] = rstVect0_sav;
        vect.bytes[1] = rstVect1_sav;
        vect.word = (vect.word-save_vect_num); //substract 'save' interrupt position
        // Move RESET jmp target to 'save' vector
        buff.bptr[saveVect0] = vect.bytes[0];
        buff.bptr[saveVect1] = (vect.bytes[1] & 0x0F)| 0xC0;  // make an "rjmp"
        // Add rjmp to bootloader at RESET vector
        vect.word = ((uint16_t)pre_main-1); // (main) is always <= 0x0FFF; no masking needed.
        buff.bptr[0] = vect.bytes[0]; // rjmp 0x1c00 instruction
      }

#endif

#endif // FLASHEND
#endif // VBP

      writebuffer(desttype, buff, address, savelength);


    }
/* Read memory block mode, length is big endian.  */
    else if (ch == STK_READ_PAGE) {
      uint8_t desttype;
      GETLENGTH(length);

      desttype = getch();

      verifySpace();

      read_mem(desttype, address, length);
    }

/* Get device signature bytes  */
    else if (ch == STK_READ_SIGN) {
      // READ SIGN - return what Avrdude wants to hear
      verifySpace();
      putch(SIGNATURE_0);
      putch(SIGNATURE_1);
      putch(SIGNATURE_2);
    }
    else if (ch == STK_LEAVE_PROGMODE) { /* 'Q' */
      // Adaboot no-wait mod
      watchdogConfig(WATCHDOG_16MS);
      verifySpace();
    }
    else {
      // This covers the response to commands like STK_ENTER_PROGMODE
      verifySpace();
    }
    putch(STK_OK);
  }
}

void putch(char ch) {
#if (SOFT_UART == 0)
  // Hardware UARTs.
#ifndef LIN_UART
#ifdef RS485
  uint8_t x;
  do {
    x = UART_SRA;
  } while (!(x & _BV(UDRE0)));
  // clear transmitted flag
  x |= _BV(TXC0);
  UART_SRA = x;
  // put transceiver to output mode
# ifdef RS485_INVERT
  RS485_PORT &= ~_BV(RS485_BIT);
# else
  RS485_PORT |= _BV(RS485_BIT);
# endif
  // put char
  UART_UDR = ch;
  // wait for char transmitted
  while (!(UART_SRA & _BV(TXC0))) {  /* Spin */ }
  // put transceiver to input mode
# ifdef RS485_INVERT
  RS485_PORT |= _BV(RS485_BIT);
# else
  RS485_PORT &= ~_BV(RS485_BIT);
# endif
#else //not RS485
  while (!(UART_SRA & _BV(UDRE0))) {  /* Spin */ }
  UART_UDR = ch;
#endif
#else //is LIN UART
  while (!(LINSIR & _BV(LTXOK)))   {  /* Spin */ }
  UART_UDR = ch;
#endif

#else // SOFT_UART

#ifdef RS485
  // put transceiver to output mode
  #ifdef RS485_INVERT
  RS485_PORT &= ~_BV(RS485_BIT);
  #else
  RS485_PORT |= _BV(RS485_BIT);
  #endif
#endif
  __asm__ __volatile__ (
    "   com %[ch]\n" // ones complement, carry set
    "   sec\n"
    "1: brcc 2f\n"
    "   cbi %[uartPort],%[uartBit]\n"
    "   rjmp 3f\n"
    "2: sbi %[uartPort],%[uartBit]\n"
    "   nop\n"
    "3: rcall uartDelay\n"
    "   rcall uartDelay\n"
    "   lsr %[ch]\n"
    "   dec %[bitcnt]\n"
    "   brne 1b\n"
    :
    :
    [bitcnt] "d" (10),
    [ch] "r" (ch),
    [uartPort] "I" (_SFR_IO_ADDR(UART_PORT)),
    [uartBit] "I" (UART_TX_BIT)
    :
    "r25"
    );

#ifdef RS485
  // put transceiver to input mode
  #ifdef RS485_INVERT
  RS485_PORT |= _BV(RS485_BIT);
  #else
  RS485_PORT &= ~_BV(RS485_BIT);
  #endif
#endif
#endif // SOFT_UART
}

static void inline toggle_led(void) {
#if defined(__AVR_ATmega8__)    || defined(__AVR_ATmega8515__) ||       \
  defined(__AVR_ATmega8535__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega16__)   ||         \
  defined(__AVR_ATmega162__)  || defined(__AVR_ATmega32__)   ||         \
  defined(__AVR_ATmega64__)   || defined(__AVR_ATmega128__)
  LED_PORT ^= _BV(LED);
#else
  LED_PIN |= _BV(LED);  // Newer AVRs can toggle by writing PINx
#endif
}

uint8_t getch(void) {
  uint8_t ch;

#if LED_DATA_FLASH
  toggle_led();
#endif

#if SOFT_UART
  watchdogReset();
  __asm__ __volatile__ (
    "1: sbic  %[uartPin],%[uartBit]\n"  // Wait for start edge
    "   rjmp  1b\n"
    "   rcall uartDelay\n"          // Get to middle of start bit
    "2: rcall uartDelay\n"              // Wait 1 bit period
    "   rcall uartDelay\n"              // Wait 1 bit period
    "   clc\n"
    "   sbic  %[uartPin],%[uartBit]\n"
    "   sec\n"
    "   dec   %[bitCnt]\n"
    "   breq  3f\n"
    "   ror   %[ch]\n"
    "   rjmp  2b\n"
    "3:\n"
    :
    [ch] "=r" (ch)
    :
    [bitCnt] "d" (9),
    [uartPin] "I" (_SFR_IO_ADDR(UART_PIN)),
    [uartBit] "I" (UART_RX_BIT)
    :
    "r25"
    );
#else
#ifndef LIN_UART
  while (!(UART_SRA & _BV(RXC0)))  {  /* Spin */ }
  if (!(UART_SRA & _BV(FE0))) {
    /*
     * A Framing Error indicates (probably) that something is talking
     * to us at the wrong bit rate.  Assume that this is because it
     * expects to be talking to the application, and DON'T reset the
     * watchdog.  This should cause the bootloader to abort and run
     * the application "soon", if it keeps happening.  (Note that we
     * don't care that an invalid char is returned...)
     */
    watchdogReset();
  }
#else
  while (!(LINSIR & _BV(LRXOK)))  {  /* Spin */ }
  if (!(LINSIR & _BV(LFERR))) {
    watchdogReset();  /* Eventually abort if wrong speed */
  }
#endif
  ch = UART_UDR;
#endif

#if LED_DATA_FLASH
  toggle_led();
#endif

  return ch;
}

#if SOFT_UART
// AVR305 equation: #define UART_B_VALUE (((F_CPU/BAUD_RATE)-23)/6)
// Adding 3 to numerator simulates nearest rounding for more accurate baud rates
#define UART_B_VALUE (((F_CPU/BAUD_RATE)-20)/6)
#if UART_B_VALUE > 255
#error Baud rate too slow for soft UART
#endif

#if UART_B_VALUE < 6
// (this value is a "guess" at when loop/call overhead might become too
//  significant for the soft uart to work.  It tests OK with the popular
//  "ATtinycore" chips that need SOFT_UART, at the usual clock/baud combos.)
#error Baud rate too high for soft UART
#endif


void uartDelay() {
  __asm__ __volatile__ (
    "  ldi r25,%[count]\n"
    "1: dec r25\n"
    "  brne 1b\n"
    "  ret\n"
    ::[count] "M" (UART_B_VALUE)
    );
}
#endif

void getNch(uint8_t count) {
  do getch(); while (--count);
  verifySpace();
}

void verifySpace() {
  if (getch() != CRC_EOP) {
    watchdogConfig(WATCHDOG_16MS);    // shorten WD timeout
    while (1)                         // and busy-loop so that WD causes
      ;                               //  a reset and app start.
  }
  putch(STK_INSYNC);
}

#if LED_START_FLASHES > 0
void flash_led(uint8_t count) {
  do {
#if defined(__AVR_ATtiny261__)||defined(__AVR_ATtiny461__)||defined(__AVR_ATtiny861__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny25__)||defined(__AVR_ATtiny45__)||defined(__AVR_ATtiny85__)
    TCNT1 = 0xFF & (-(F_CPU/(8196L*16)));
    TIFR = _BV(TOV1);
    while (!(TIFR & _BV(TOV1)));
#elif defined(__AVR_ATtiny43__)
#error "LED flash for Tiny43 not yet supported"
#else
    TCNT1 = -(F_CPU/(1024*16));
    TIFR1 = _BV(TOV1);
    while (!(TIFR1 & _BV(TOV1)));
#endif

    toggle_led();
    watchdogReset();
#if (SOFT_UART == 0)
    /*
     * While in theory, the STK500 initial commands would be buffered
     *  by the UART hardware, avrdude sends several attempts in rather
     *  quick succession, some of which will be lost and cause us to
     *  get out of sync.  So if we see any data; stop blinking.
     */
#ifndef LIN_UART
    if (UART_SRA & _BV(RXC0))
#else
      if (LINSIR & _BV(LRXOK))
#endif
        break;
#else
// This doesn't seem to work?
//    if ((UART_PIN & (1<<UART_RX_BIT)) == 0)
//      break;  // detect start bit on soft uart too.
#endif
  } while (--count);
}
#endif

// Watchdog functions. These are only safe with interrupts turned off.
void watchdogReset() {
  __asm__ __volatile__ (
    "  wdr\n"
    );
}

void watchdogConfig(uint8_t x) {
#ifdef WDCE //does it have a Watchdog Change Enable?
#ifdef WDTCSR
  WDTCSR = _BV(WDCE) | _BV(WDE);
#else
  WDTCR= _BV(WDCE) | _BV(WDE);
#endif
#else //then it must be one of those newfangled ones that use CCP
  CCP=0xD8; //so write this magic number to CCP
#endif

#ifdef WDTCSR
  WDTCSR = x;
#else
  WDTCR= x;
#endif
}


/*
 * void writebuffer(memtype, buffer, address, length)
 */
static inline void writebuffer(int8_t memtype, addr16_t mybuff,
                               addr16_t address, pagelen_t len)
{
  switch (memtype) {
  case 'E': // EEPROM
#if SUPPORT_EEPROM || BIGBOOT
    while (len--) {
      eeprom_write_byte((address.bptr++), *(mybuff.bptr++));
    }
#else
    /*
     * On systems where EEPROM write is not supported, just busy-loop
     * until the WDT expires, which will eventually cause an error on
     * host system (which is what it should do.)
     */
    while (1)
      ; // Error: wait for WDT
#endif
    break;
  default:  // FLASH
    /*
     * Default to writing to Flash program memory.  By making this
     * the default rather than checking for the correct code, we save
     * space on chips that don't support any other memory types.
     */
    {
      // Copy buffer into programming buffer
      uint16_t addrPtr = address.word;

      /*
       * Start the page erase and wait for it to finish.  There
       * used to be code to do this while receiving the data over
       * the serial link, but the performance improvement was slight,
       * and we needed the space back.
       */
#ifdef FOURPAGEERASE
      if ((address.bytes[0] & ((SPM_PAGESIZE<<2)-1))==0) {
#endif
        __boot_page_erase_short(address.word);
        boot_spm_busy_wait();
#ifdef FOURPAGEERASE
      }
#endif

      /*
       * Copy data from the buffer into the flash write buffer.
       */
      do {
        __boot_page_fill_short((uint16_t)(void*)addrPtr, *(mybuff.wptr++));
        addrPtr += 2;
      } while (len -= 2);

      /*
       * Actually Write the buffer to flash (and wait for it to finish.)
       */
      __boot_page_write_short(address.word);
      boot_spm_busy_wait();
#if defined(RWWSRE)
      // Reenable read access to flash
      __boot_rww_enable_short();
#endif
    } // default block
    break;
  } // switch
}

static inline void read_mem(uint8_t memtype, addr16_t address, pagelen_t length)
{
  uint8_t ch;

  switch (memtype) {

#if SUPPORT_EEPROM || BIGBOOT
  case 'E': // EEPROM
    do {
      putch(eeprom_read_byte((address.bptr++)));
    } while (--length);
    break;
#endif
  default:
    do {
#ifdef VIRTUAL_BOOT_PARTITION
      // Undo vector patch in bottom page so verify passes
      if (address.word == rstVect0) ch = rstVect0_sav;
      else if (address.word == rstVect1) ch = rstVect1_sav;
      else if (address.word == saveVect0) ch = saveVect0_sav;
      else if (address.word == saveVect1) ch = saveVect1_sav;
      else ch = pgm_read_byte_near(address.bptr);
      address.bptr++;
#elif defined(RAMPZ)
      // Since RAMPZ should already be set, we need to use EPLM directly.
      // Also, we can use the autoincrement version of lpm to update "address"
      //      do putch(pgm_read_byte_near(address++));
      //      while (--length);
      // read a Flash and increment the address (may increment RAMPZ)
      __asm__ ("  elpm %0,Z+\n" : "=r" (ch), "=z" (address.bptr): "1" (address));
#else
      // read a Flash byte and increment the address
      __asm__ ("  lpm %0,Z+\n" : "=r" (ch), "=z" (address.bptr): "1" (address));
#endif
      putch(ch);
    } while (--length);
    break;
  } // switch
}


#if (APP_NOSPM == 0)

/*
 * Separate function for doing spm stuff
 * It's needed for application to do SPM, as SPM instruction works only
 * from bootloader.
 *
 * How it works:
 * - do SPM
 * - wait for SPM to complete
 * - if chip have RWW/NRWW sections it does additionaly:
 *   - if command is WRITE or ERASE, AND data=0 then reenable RWW section
 *
 * In short:
 * If you play erase-fill-write, just set data to 0 in ERASE and WRITE
 * If you are brave, you have your code just below bootloader in NRWW section
 *   you could do fill-erase-write sequence with data!=0 in ERASE and
 *   data=0 in WRITE
 */
static void do_spm(uint16_t address, uint8_t command, uint16_t data)  __attribute__ ((used));
static void do_spm(uint16_t address, uint8_t command, uint16_t data) {
  // Do spm stuff
  asm volatile (
    "  movw  r0, %3\n"
    "  __wr_spmcsr %0, %1\n"
    "  spm\n"
    "  clr  r1\n"
    :
    : "i" (_SFR_MEM_ADDR(__SPM_REG)),
      "r" ((uint8_t)command),
      "z" ((uint16_t)address),
      "r" ((uint16_t)data)
    : "r0"
    );

  // wait for spm to complete
  //   it doesn't have much sense for __BOOT_PAGE_FILL,
  //   but it doesn't hurt and saves some bytes on 'if'
  boot_spm_busy_wait();
#if defined(RWWSRE)
  // this 'if' condition should be: (command == __BOOT_PAGE_WRITE || command == __BOOT_PAGE_ERASE)...
  // but it's tweaked a little assuming that in every command we are interested in here, there
  // must be also SELFPRGEN set. If we skip checking this bit, we save here 4B
  if ((command & (_BV(PGWRT)|_BV(PGERS))) && (data == 0) ) {
    // Reenable read access to flash
    __boot_rww_enable_short();
  }
#endif
}
#endif



#if BIGBOOT
/*
 * Optiboot is designed to fit in 512 bytes, with a minimum feature set.
 * Some chips have a minimum bootloader size of 1024 bytes, and sometimes
 * it is desirable to add extra features even though 512bytes is exceedded.
 * In that case, the BIGBOOT can be used.
 * Our extra features so far don't come close to filling 1k, so we can
 * add extra "frivolous" data to the image.   In particular, we can add
 * information about how Optiboot was built (which options were selected,
 * what version, all in human-readable form (and extractable from the
 * binary with avr-strings.)
 *
 * This can always be removed or trimmed if more actual program space
 * is needed in the future.  Currently the data occupies about 160 bytes,
 */
#define xstr(s) str(s)
#define str(s) #s

__attribute__((section(".fini9"))) const char f_delimit = 0xFF;

#define OPTFLASHSECT __attribute__((section(".fini8")))
#define OPT2FLASH(o) OPTFLASHSECT const char f##o[] = #o "=" xstr(o)


#if LED_START_FLASHES
OPT2FLASH(LED_START_FLASHES);
#endif
#if LED_DATA_FLASH
OPT2FLASH(LED_DATA_FLASH);
#endif
#if LED_START_ON
OPT2FLASH(LED_START_ON);
#endif
#ifdef LED_NAME
OPTFLASHSECT const char f_LED[] = "LED=" LED_NAME;
#endif

#if SUPPORT_EEPROM
OPT2FLASH(SUPPORT_EEPROM);
#endif

#if defined(RS485)
OPTFLASHSECT const char f_rs485[] = "RS485=" RS485_NAME;
#endif
#if BAUD_RATE
OPT2FLASH(BAUD_RATE);
#endif
#if SOFT_UART
OPT2FLASH(SOFT_UART);
#endif
#if defined(UART)
OPT2FLASH(UART);
#endif

#if (!defined(NODATE)) || (NODATE == 0)
// Leave out the date, useful if we want to compare binaries
OPTFLASHSECT const char f_date[] = "Built:" __DATE__ ":" __TIME__;
#endif
#if BIGBOOT
OPT2FLASH(BIGBOOT);
#endif
#ifdef VIRTUAL_BOOT_PARTITION
OPTFLASHSECT const char f_boot[] = "Virtual_Boot_Partition";
#endif
OPT2FLASH(F_CPU);
OPTFLASHSECT const char f_device[] = "Device=" xstr(__AVR_DEVICE_NAME__);
#if OPTIBOOT_CUSTOMVER
OPT2FLASH(OPTIBOOT_CUSTOMVER);
#endif
OPTFLASHSECT const char f_version[] = "Version=" xstr(OPTIBOOT_MAJVER) "." xstr(OPTIBOOT_MINVER);

#endif